En los próximos números veremos cuáles son las plantas utilizadas más frecuentemente en tratamientos fitoterapeúticos para caballos.
1.- HARPAGOFITO (Harpagophytum procumbens DC / Castellano: Harpagofito, Garra del Diablo / Inglés: Devils Claw / Francés: Harpagophyton, Griffe)
Planta originaria del sudoeste de África que se desarrolla en los terrenos arenosos de la sabana, en bosques caducifolios de Namibia y los márgenes del Desierto de Kalahari. En algunos lugares se la denomina Planta de Namibia. En castellano también recibe el nombre de Garra del Diablo por las espinas características de sus frutos en forma de uñas que al clavarse en algunos animales, éstos realizan una especie de danza considerada por los nativos como una danza endiablada.
Ha sido utilizada tradicionalmente por los hechiceros de las tribus hotentotes del Kalahari como una planta secreta que cura afecciones reumáticas, siendo descubierta por un colono alemán en 1904. Desde entonces su prestigio ha ido aumentando hasta convertirse en uno de los tratamientos más populares contra afecciones de origen reumático, con inflamación y dolor, e incluso como tratamiento preventivo en competición tanto para humanos como para caballos.
De la planta se utilizan las raíces secundarias que tienen mas concentración de elementos activos, bien machacadas, bien en forma de tintura (en estos casos debemos tener en cuenta la proporción de alcohol con la que se realiza la tintura). Su efectividad no debe atribuirse a componentes concretos de la planta sino al conjunto (más de 40 sustancias activas).
Está indicado como antirreumático (sobre todo en casos crónicos) y antiinflamatorio; también es un ligero calmante del dolor y tiene propiedades antibióticas y algo laxantes. Su uso permite sustituir o reducir la dosis de corticoides, fenilbutazonas y otros antirreumáticos (AINES), habitualmente prescritos en estas enfermedades, sin sus efectos secundarios.
Se puede utilizar de forma continua, sin descansos, durante 3-6 semanas. Su asociación con
No se han encontrado indicios de toxicidad pero en grandes dosis se han observado problemas de congestión hepática en humanos.
Su sabor excesivamente amargo es poco apetecible para los caballos por lo que se comercializan preparados con una base de miel y vinagre de manzana.
Muchos productos destinados al cuidado de articulaciones, tendones y músculos contienen proporciones altas de esta planta, no sólo como tratamiento sino también como prevención en competición o entrenamiento. Su efectividad aumenta si se utiliza con otras plantas como el Sauce Blanco y
De la planta se utilizan las flores y, en menor medida, las hojas. Tiene aplicación en cualquier proceso doloroso, sobre todo de origen reumático. Posee propiedades anti-inflamatorias, analgésicas y febrífugas. Puede utilizarse como diurético, en las retenciones de líquidos y para eliminar de la sangre substancias ácidas como el ácido úrico.
Es otra de las plantas que se está haciendo popular en competiciones hípicas para dar comodidad durante el entrenamiento y las pruebas que requieren esfuerzo. También está indicadas para aliviar el dolor en enfermedades musculares y óseas de larga duración.
Se sospecha que en situaciones de estrés y durante los viajes, los caballos padecen frecuentemente dolores de cabeza por lo que este tipo de plantas pueden ayudar a mejorar su bienestar, su forma y concentración.
Su efectividad aumenta asociada a otras plantas como el Sauce Blanco y el Harpagofito, no conociéndose toxicidad ni efectos secundarios si se utiliza en las dosis recomendadas.
3.- SAUCE BLANCO (Salix Alba / Castellano: Sauce Blanco / Inglés: White Willow / Francés: Saule Blanc)
Si de
Es un árbol que se localiza fácilmente en parques y bosques, en las orillas de los ríos y en los márgenes de los pantanos del hemisferio norte y del que se utiliza, sobre todo, la corteza de ramas jóvenes de ejemplares de no más de tres años y los amentos o flores masculinas. Afortunadamente, para fabricar
Suele aparecer asociado a
4.- ÁRNICA (Arnica Montana / Castellano: Árnica / Inglés: Arnica / Francés: Arnica)
Utilizada externamente es efectiva en casos de golpes, contusiones, inflamación de la piel y dolores reumáticos. Esta planta provoca el incremento del flujo sanguíneo en la zona en la que se aplica por lo que su utilización justo después de haber sufrido un golpe o contusión ayuda a evitar la aparición de hematomas e inflamación. Tampoco debe aplicarse sobre heridas abiertas o en lugares donde se produzca una falta de piel y a que puede provocar irritación.
Actualmente son muy utilizadas las pomadas de árnica, la arcilla para las extremidades con extracto de esta planta y las soluciones homeopáticas, éstas últimas muy populares debido a las cantidades ínfimas que contienen.
Es una planta muy segura cuando se utiliza en las dosis recomendadas.
RECUERDA: La Fitoterapia en caballos tiene el inconveniente de que debemos esperar un tiempo (aproximadamente dos semanas) para observar algún resultado. Sin embargo, es fácilmente absorbida por el organismo equino (no olvidemos que el caballo es un herbívoro), no da doping y cuando actúa lo hace de una forma bastante efectiva.
Eki
El harpagofito es un arbusto que está ganando mucha popularidad en el área de la medicina natural estos años, sobre todo por los mínimos efectos secundarios que produce.
Es significativo que, en Alemania, hasta el 75% de las prescripciones para tratamientos de tipo reumático se basan en esta planta o en fórmulas que se basan en ella.
Enhorabuena por el blog y un saludo!
Gracias por participar!
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